Engel V. Vitale the Beginning of the Battle Against...

â€Å" One of the most highly debated aspects of American life and liberty is religion. America’s foundation is based upon the idea that religion should be a freedom and a choice of the person involved, not a requirement by the government. Yet religion is one of the very things to United States was founded on. In the last half of the 20th century, the differing opinions Americans held on religious conviction became an ongoing debate on where and when is the right time to observe one’s faith. Most notably this debate extended to the public schools. One of the most prominent cases was that of Engel v. Vitale. The court case of Engel v. Vitale became known as the School Prayer decision and was the first of its kind in the American judicial†¦show more content†¦Mr. Justice Stewart stated in his dissent â€Å"I cannot see how an â€Å"official religion† is established by letting those who want say a prayer say it† (Constitutional Conflicts). While I, personally, agree with Justice Stewart, the true facts of the Establishment Cause contradict the idea that the formation of an â€Å"official religion† was not present in the Regent’s prayer. Lynda Beck Fenwick, in her book Should the Children Pray? : A Historical, Judicial, and Political Examination of Public School Prayer, asserts that â€Å"something less than an actual establishment may nevertheless be found to respect an establishment, and as a result is prohibited† (124-125). In conclusion, I believe that the decision made in the Supreme Court case of Engel v. Vitale was correct. Although this case was the springboard for many of the more radical ideas of the likes of Madlyn Murray O’Hare, this case did uphold the ideas and beliefs of America’s Founding Fathers. Many have made the dispute over school prayer out to be a point of division in our nation. Yet the majority believes religion should be a part of our school systems. According to an article by John C. Green and James L. Guth, a â€Å"1983 Gallup poll found 81% of the â€Å"aware† public favoring aShow MoreRelatedSepartion of Church and State Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pagesthought and freedom. The Establishment Clause was one way that civilians were protecting religious liberty by the separation of church and state. Within our political and school systems there have been a number of controversial issues to include religious holidays, school prayer, teaching evolution and aid to church based schools. The Supreme Court has ruled in many cases in regards to these religious controversial issues. The First Amendment states â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishmentRead MoreSame-Sex Marriage and Religion: An Inappropriate Relationship8330 Words   |  34 Pagesdifferent groups of people. Those who engage in the debate believe strongly in their convictions; the two loudest voices tend to come from the gay community and the religious community, the former arguing in favor of same-sex marriage and the latter against it. Religious groups, predominantly from a Christian based faith, seem to be the single most influential force in the attempts to keep same-sex marriage illegal. Proposition 8 passed by a vote of 52% to 48%; according to one exit poll 81% of self-identified

Aristotle s Portrayal Of Friendship - 1708 Words

You have two close friends, while one is alive the other dead, but your relationship with both of them work to develop your virtuous character. While in Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle s depiction of friendship is a lively one, they show affection and their own virtuous character translates to our own. In contrast, Seneca s On The Shortness Of Life suggests that we should seek friends of virtue with the dead because they possess the ability to always be with us and guide us with their own knowledge of life. While Aristotle and Seneca would rather choose one form of friendship over the other, we can denounce the notion that we must pick one of these two friends when we can have both because these two types of relationships work together to†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"But friendship seems to consist more in giving than in receiving affection† (213). Friendship in itself is virtuous and when you obtain a true friend not only is establishing the relationship itself seeking vi rtue but obtaining it as well. This is made evident when Aristotle tells us this, â€Å". . .friendship; for it is a kind of virtue, or implies virtue, and it is also necessary for living† (200). However, for a true friendship to be good, the two bodies of the friendship must be good individually in order to obtain virtue through the relationship. â€Å"Only the friendship of those who are good, and similar in their goodness, is perfect. For these people, each alike wish good for the other qua good. . .† (205). Good people are friends because they are both good and seek out goodness in their own lives and do this through their friends. â€Å"The good are friends for each other’s sake because their bond is goodness† (208). By befriending good people, you are able to absorb the other person s goodness, which in turn leads to your own virtue and your virtue only adds to the other s. â€Å"For when a good man becomes a friend to another he becomes that other ’s good; so each loves his own good, and repays what he receives by wishing the good of the other†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (209). Another interesting point that Aristotle discusses is this notion that we see ourselves in our friends and this not only leads us to themShow MoreRelatedIndian English Novel17483 Words   |  70 Pagescontemporary touch with the coming of Mulk Raj Anand, Raja Rao and R.K.Narayan. The social disparity of India which was aptly described by Mulk Raj Anand in his Coolie, the imaginary village life with its entire unedited realities in R.K. Narayan`s Malgudi Days and last but not the least the aura of Gandhism depicted by Raja Rao in his remarkable novel Kanthapura portrayed a whole new India. The need of the `foreigners` depicting India amidst their write ups was not needed as Indians wantedRead Morewisdom,humor and faith19596 Words   |  79 Pages there is â€Å"a time to weep, and a time to laugh; a time to mourn, and a time to dance.† Enlightening comments on the relationship of humor to wisdom were once made by Reinhold Niebuhr (1892-1971), perhaps the twentieth-century’s most influential U. S. theologian (and a favorite thinker of President Obama). Although Niebuhr generally agreed that humor stresses the incongruous, he also, like Chesterton and Solomon, linked it with humility. Humor is a proof of the capacity of the self to gain a vantageRead MoreAlcohol Marketing and Advertising25059 Words   |  101 Pagesthe desired taste and alcohol level. FMBs are marketed in traditional beer bottles, and have an alcohol content of 4% to 6% by volume, similar to other beers. Marketers introduced citrus-flavored FMBs, including â€Å"hard† lemonades in the late 1990 s.10 More recently, brewers have entered into agreements with distillers to introduce spirits-branded FMBs that typically taste like a combination of light beer and citrus or other fruit.11 Other FMBs have flavors similar to wine coolers or cocktails

Blood And Water Essay Example For Students

Blood And Water Essay Blood and WaterIn William Shakespeares masterpiece Macbeth, he uses many motifs. Two of these motifs are blood and water. The play is full of images of blood and water, to show the characters attitudes toward their own guilt at each stage. Both motifs mature and change in their meaning along with the setting and mood of the play. The functions of both are important if the subtleties of the play are to be understood. Blood symbolizes honor, treachery, and guilt. Water symbolizes cleanliness of the soul, as though all it takes is water to wash guilt away. While reading the play, it is noticed that blood comes up repeatedly. This is important to the overall effect of the different usages in the play. The word blood, or different forms of it, is found forty-two times in the play, along with several other passages dealing with the symbol. The symbolism of blood strangely follows the change in the character Macbeth. Macbeth is first a soldier, very highly revered by the King Duncan. As the play progresses, Macbeths demeanor and personality declines, as does the meaning of blood. Blood is then viewed as a symbol for treachery and bloodshed, along with the various forms of guilt. The first reference of blood is one of honor, and occurs when Duncan sees the injured captain and says What bloody man is that?(I, 2, ln.1).This mention of blood is symbolic of honor, for the brave fighter has been injured in a glorious and ardent battle for his country.In the next passage the captain says that Macbeths sword . . .smoked with bloody execution(I, 1, ln.20), with this he is referring to Macbeths braveness in which his sword is steaming because it is covered in the hot blood!of the enemy on the cold morning of the battle. This function is important because it shows that at this point in the play the word blood is used as a sign of fighting valiantly. It is a sort of pride to have a bloodied sword, or have bled in battle for your king. After blood has been referred to a few times with reference to honor, the symbol of blood now changes to show a theme of treachery and treason.Lady Macbeth begins the change when she asks the spirits to make thick my blood, (1,5, ln.50). What Lady Macbeth is saying is that she wishes to be remorseless and insensitive about the murders sheand Macbeth will soon commit. Also in this area the symbol of blood is changes to one of guilt. Lady Macbeth knows that the evidence of blood is a treacherous symbol, and knows that if they are found with bloody daggers they will be hanged for their betrayal of the king, so she tells Macbeth to smear the sleepy grooms with blood.(II, 2, ln.64), and Macbeth replies If he do bleed, Ill gild the faces of the grooms withal /for it must seem their guilt.(II, 2, ln.72-3). When Banquo states and question this most bloody piece of work,(II, 3, ln.150)and Ross says ist known who did this more than bloody deed?(II, 4, ln.31), they a!re both inquiring as to who m performed the treacherous acts upon Duncan. Once again, blood is used as a sign of guilt. Both use blood as a mark upon a person which would point them out as a sure suspect for the killing of Duncan. Whoever has the blood of Duncan on them is guilty of treason, and more importantly, they are guilty of the murder. It is also here where the theme of water is first brought in. Macbeth is fretting about the fact that it was he who killed the king, and he was beginning to regret the choice he made, saying Will all great Neptunes ocean wash this blood /clean from my hand?(II, 2, ln.78) Lady Macbeth, still sure that they will never be caught, says A little water clears us of this deed.(II, 2, ln.86) This shows that the function of water is to be used as a symbol for an element which can absolve a person of all guilt. This is important because it seems to be the counter, or the antithesis of blood, where one is a sign of guilt, and ..the other is an absolution of it. The third, and perhaps the most often use of the symbol blood, is of the theme of guilt.This was hinted upon earlier when Lady Macbeth mad sure that no blood was found on either her or Macbeth. Macbeth firsts hints at his guilt when he says Will all great Neptunes ocean wash this blood clean from my hand?, meaning that he wondered if he would ever be able to forget the dastardly deed that he had committed.Then the ghost of Banquo, all gory and bloody, comes to haunt Macbeth at the banquet.The sight of apparitions represents Macbeths guilt for the murder of Banquo which he planned.Macbeth shows a bit of his guilt when he says It is the bloody business which informs thus, he could not get the courage to say murder after he had killed Duncan, so he says this instead. The function of blood as guilt is very important because it is what eventually brings the downfall of Macbeth and drives Lady Macbeth to suicide. .ud4a9301b98fca75cf4a9d1d94e4abb97 , .ud4a9301b98fca75cf4a9d1d94e4abb97 .postImageUrl , .ud4a9301b98fca75cf4a9d1d94e4abb97 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud4a9301b98fca75cf4a9d1d94e4abb97 , .ud4a9301b98fca75cf4a9d1d94e4abb97:hover , .ud4a9301b98fca75cf4a9d1d94e4abb97:visited , .ud4a9301b98fca75cf4a9d1d94e4abb97:active { border:0!important; } .ud4a9301b98fca75cf4a9d1d94e4abb97 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud4a9301b98fca75cf4a9d1d94e4abb97 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud4a9301b98fca75cf4a9d1d94e4abb97:active , .ud4a9301b98fca75cf4a9d1d94e4abb97:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud4a9301b98fca75cf4a9d1d94e4abb97 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud4a9301b98fca75cf4a9d1d94e4abb97 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud4a9301b98fca75cf4a9d1d94e4abb97 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud4a9301b98fca75cf4a9d1d94e4abb97 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud4a9301b98fca75cf4a9d1d94e4abb97:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud4a9301b98fca75cf4a9d1d94e4abb97 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud4a9301b98fca75cf4a9d1d94e4abb97 .ud4a9301b98fca75cf4a9d1d94e4abb97-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud4a9301b98fca75cf4a9d1d94e4abb97:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My Granny EssayWater also makes another appearance, again relating to cleanliness and the washing away of something. The forces of Macduff talk of this when thy say . . . pour we in our countrys purge /Each drop of us. /Or so much as it needs /To dew our sovergn flower and drown the weeds. (V, 2, ln.33-6) Here the theme of water takes along with the theme of cleanliness, also a them of a strengthening agent. They talk of how water composed of a little of each of them would dew the sovergn flower, Macduff, and drown the weeds, Macbeth. Lady Macbeth shows the most outright and blatant example of guilt using the symbol of blood in the scene in which she walks in her sleep. Sh e says Out damned spot, out, I say!One. Two. /Why then, tis time to dot. Hell is murky. Fie, my /lord, fie, a soldier, and afeard?What need we fear /who knows it, when none can call out power to /account?Yet who would have thought the old man /to have had so much blood in him?(V, 1, ln.37-42)This speech represents the fact that she cannot wipe the blood stains of Duncan off of her hands. This isironic that she says this, because of the comment she made right after the murder, when Macbeth was feeling guilty, she said A little water clears us of this deed.(II, 2, ln.86)Obviously, she now feels differently, even if this is only shown through her subconscious. This last is shown just before the ending of the play, when Macbeth has Macduff at his mercy, and lets him go, because of his guilt.He shows that he is guilty, when he says But get thee back, my soul is too much charged /With blood of thine already.(V, 8, ln.6-7)Macduff replies, I have no words; /My voice is in my sword, thou bloodier villain /Than terms can give thee out.(V, 8, ln.8-10) In Macduffs last remark we see that he believes Macbeth to have committed a crime that is so horrible that there are no words for it, and Macduff therefore calls him a Bloody villain, again showing that blood is used as a sign of treachery, or loathing. After Macduff manages to kill Macbeth, the symbolic theme of blood swings back to what it was at the beginning of the play.It is the symbol of honor to Malcolm this time. The death of Macbeth is an honored feat that Macduff is congratulated for. It can also be speculated that maybe the cycle will continue around again, with Mal!com obtaining the same demeanor and ambitions as Macbeth did, and have his character go through the same changes. We have seen meaning of the symbol of blood change from honor to treachery, to guilt, and then we have seen it revert back to the meaning of honor once again after the villain that changed the meaning from honor to tyranny is killed. Water is present throughout the play, and is used as a cure for guilt, a strengthening agent, and means to wipe out a common enemy . Both of these symbols were present throughout the play, and showed how many of the characters felt a certain times during the play.